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The Epigenetic System, Evo-Devo, and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis

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The intersection of the epigenetic system, evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo), and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES) is a fertile ground for rethinking the traditional framework of evolutionary theory. This journal article dives deep into these connections, highlighting how the EES, an updated and more holistic view of evolution, embraces developmental processes and epigenetic mechanisms to offer a richer understanding of evolutionary change. The core argument posits that the epigenetic system acts as a crucial link between genotypes and phenotypes, allowing for phenotypic plasticity and thereby facilitating adaptive evolution. Key Concepts Epigenetic System: This complex system comprises molecular mechanisms that modulate gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence itself. These mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation, can be influenced by environmental factors, leading to heritable p

The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis and Human Origins: Rethinking the Primate-Human Connection 6 Million Years Ago

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The traditional narrative of human evolution, often depicted as a linear progression from ape-like ancestors to modern humans, has been challenged in recent years by the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES). This broader framework incorporates new discoveries and theoretical advances in evolutionary biology, raising intriguing questions about the complex path our lineage took and the factors that shaped our unique traits. Beyond Gradual Adaptation The standard evolutionary model, often called neo-Darwinism, emphasizes the gradual accumulation of genetic mutations and their selection over vast periods. While this process may play a role, the EES recognizes that evolution can also occur through other mechanisms, such as: Epigenetic inheritance: Changes in gene expression that do not alter the underlying DNA sequence but can be passed on to offspring. This suggests that environmental factors experienced by ancestors could have influenced the development and evolu